hous-admin 
As BMS and DDC become enterprise‑connected, cybersecurity moves from afterthought to design pillar. IEC 62443 provides a lifecycle framework: asset inventory, security zones/conduits, risk assessment, … Read more
Building and industrial control networks are moving beyond proprietary silos toward open, interoperable platforms. Modern BMS architectures combine BACnet/IP for equipment integration, Modbus/TCP for utility … Read more
Heating performance is increasingly governed by data. At the plant level, weather‑compensated reset shifts supply temperature in real time to match envelope and process loads, … Read more
Electrification is redefining heating in factories and large buildings via industrial air‑to‑water and water‑to‑water heat pumps. New A2L‑refrigerant platforms achieve higher leaving‑water temperatures (65–80 °C) with … Read more
Industrial and commercial heating is rapidly shifting to low‑temperature hydronics, where condensing boilers operate at return temperatures that unlock true condensing efficiency. The core objective … Read more
The next frontier in industrial ventilation is the convergence of open‑protocol BMS (BACnet/Modbus) with digital twins and model predictive control (MPC). Calibrated plant models ingest … Read more
Rapid regulatory change is pushing industrial HVAC toward low‑GWP refrigerants and higher‑efficiency air systems. In the EU, the 2024 F‑gas Regulation accelerates the phase‑down and … Read more
Industrial and large commercial facilities are rebuilding their ventilation strategies around ASHRAE Standard 241—Control of Infectious Aerosols—while keeping energy intensity under control. The new baseline … Read more
